Sources

Utah Geological Survey, "Utah's Pleistocene Fossils" and "Dinosaurs and Fossils" (Survey Notes; mammoth, musk ox, giant bison, ground sloth, short faced bear in Lake Bonneville gravels); Natural History Museum of Utah, "Lake Bonneville Ice Age Safari" and "Old Skull a Landmark Part of Utah's Ice Age History" (1871 musk ox, ground sloth near Point of the Mountain); Utah History Encyclopedia, "Paleontology in Utah" and "Dinosaurs of Utah" (Escalante's October 2, 1776 fossil shells; dinosaur bearing rocks in eastern and southern Utah); Visit Utah, "Seeing the Dinosaurs of Utah Valley" (BYU Museum of Paleontology, Museum of Ancient Life); Live Science, "Utah Landscapers Discover Remains of Ice Age Horse" (Lehi, 2017); Utah Geological Survey, Lake Bonneville and the Bonneville Flood; Brimhall and Merritt, Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 5 (1981) (Utah Lake about 8,000 years).

Jack M. Broughton and others, Homestead Cave avifauna (28 bird species in the terminal Pleistocene layer, including Aechmophorus grebes); Utah Lake Commission, "Birds of Utah Lake" educational materials (Bird Island 2.25 miles north of Lincoln Beach, Sho-Boat visits, more than 200 species, 30 common species); Utah County bird checklist (298 species in Utah County); Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and Great Salt Lake ecosystem reports (Gunnison Island pelican colony, pelicans foraging in freshwater marshes and reservoirs, wintering bald eagles); Escalante's journal of September 1776 (geese on the lake).

Provo historical marker "Carp Not Native to Utah Lake; Introduced in 1882" (13 native species; trout reduced within thirty years); Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 5 (1981), Utah Lake fisheries chapter (cutthroat of 15 to 16 pounds; fishing companies, seines and traps; introductions); Utah Humanities (carp considered a superior food fish, soured on by the 1890s); utahlake.gov, "How are carp removed from Utah Lake?"; Utah Lake history timeline (1930s drought; last Bonneville cutthroat captured 1932). Sources disagree on the year carp arrived (1882, 1883, 1886), so the story says the early 1880s. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, June 2020 (groundbreaking, nearly 260 acres); KSL, Oct 2024 (March 2020 start, 2023 diversion, 150,000 native plants); U.S. Department of the Interior, Oct 25, 2024 (downlisted Jan 4, 2021; 3,785 detected spawning); provoriverdelta.us, 2022 Year in Review (139 adults in 2002; over 5,000 in 2022).; Jack M. Broughton, "Terminal Pleistocene Fish Remains from Homestead Cave, Utah," and Smith and colleagues on Lake Bonneville fishes (eight species, similar to Bear Lake); Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Utah Lake sculpin (extinct, last collected 1928).

Escalante's journal, September 1776 (fish, geese, beavers); Vineyard residents' recollections (muskrat trapping and the Larsen fur business); Utah Lake Monograph, Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 5 (1981) (bottom fauna dominated by Hyalella azteca and the midge Dicrotendipes fumidus; freshwater sponge on the eastern shore); David C. Richards, OreoHelix Ecological, Vineyard, "Chironomid Larvae: Under Appreciated but Essential Arbiters of Nutrient Mobilization and Cyanobacterial Bloom Dynamics in Utah Lake," report to the Wasatch Front Water Quality Council; Peter Madsen, Improvement Era, 1910 (1855 grasshoppers); Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District history (1923 law, first district 1924); West Millard Mosquito Abatement District history (1958 Western equine encephalitis outbreak); Daily Herald, June 1, 2026 (Utah County Health Department mosquito abatement).

Utah Division of State History, "1776: The Domínguez-Escalante Expedition" (ilovehistory.utah.gov: entered Utah about Sept 11, Diamond Fork and Spanish Fork canyons, Joaquín traveled on to Santa Fe, route south); Utah America 250 story slides (Sept 23, 1776, the Timpanogos Utes, the lake named Timpanogo); Historical Marker Database, Spanish Fork markers "The Lush Valley of the Timpanogotzis" and "Dominguez y Escalante Expedition" (Sept 23, valley name, the fish quotation); BYU Religious Studies Center, "The Place Which God for Us Prepared"; University of Utah, Utah Historical Quarterly excerpt (Fish Eaters); Wikipedia and Legends of America (ten men, July 29 departure, casting lots, return to Santa Fe January 1777); KSL, "1776 expedition set Utah stage for Mormon pioneers" (traders, Frémont); Library of Congress (Miera map, 1778); Wikimedia Commons (Capitol mural by Lee Greene Richards, 1934). Arrival day: Utah State History gives Sept 22 for reaching the valley; markers, BYU and the state's America 250 materials give Sept 23 for emerging from the canyon. Sept 23 is used.

Utah Historical Quarterly, vol. 86 no. 1 (2018), on Miera and the Río de San Buenaventura; Herbert S. Auerbach, "Father Escalante's Route (As depicted by the Map of Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco)," Utah Historical Quarterly 11 (1943); "Pageant in the Wilderness: Miera's Report to the King of Spain, October 26, 1777," Utah Historical Quarterly 18 (1950); Newberry Library, Miera y Pacheco letter to Charles III, 1777; Utah Division of State History, Dominguez-Escalante Expedition (Miera's latitude reading); Project MUSE review of John L. Kessell's work on Miera (Laguna de los Timpanogos, Laguna de Miera); Durango Herald and The Journal (Miera's height, art and maps); Wikipedia, Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco (born August 4, 1713, died April 1785); Wikiwand, Buenaventura River (legend); Raremaps.com notes on Miera's influence.

Deseret Magazine, "Inside the Domínguez Escalante expedition of 1776," July 11, 2026 (Silvestre's guiding fee); Utah Division of State History, ilovehistory.utah.gov and historytogo.utah.gov, Dominguez-Escalante Expedition (Silvestre, Joaquín about twelve, José María, arrival Sept 22 to 23); Utah America 250 story slides (dried fish, invitation to return); University of Utah Marriott Library digital collections, Utah Historical Quarterly articles (night watch above the valley; 1813 Arze and García expedition, three days at the lake, horses killed, slaves, 109 pelts, arrest); KSL, "1776 expedition set Utah stage for Mormon pioneers" (woolen cloth and red ribbon); Jacob Barlow, "Spanish Fathers Visit Utah Valley in 1776" (alliance against the Shoshone); William J. Snow, "Utah Indians and Spanish Slave Trade," Utah Historical Quarterly 2 (1929); Deseret News, October 20, 1996 (annual trading treks).

Salt Lake Herald, Death of a Pioneer, December 25, 1902, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=12125904; Church History Biographical Database, Shadrach Holdaway, https://history.churchofjesuschrist.org/chd/individual/shadrach-holdaway-1822?lang=eng; Church History Biographical Database, Lucinda Haws, https://history.churchofjesuschrist.org/chd/individual/lucinda-haws-1828?lang=eng; Lucinda Haws Holdaway reminiscences transcript, Church History Biographical Database, https://history.churchofjesuschrist.org/chd/transcript?name=transcript-for-lucinda-haws-holdaway-reminiscences-1; Shannon Drew, Shadrack Holdaway, born 15 October 1822, Ordinary Ancestors blog, October 15, 2018, https://ordinaryancestors.blogspot.com/search/label/Vineyard; Bruce, Shadrach Holdaway died 108 years ago, Amateur Mormon Historian blog, December 24, 2010, https://amateurmormonhistorian.blogspot.com/2010/12/shadrach-holdaway-died-108-years-ago.html; Jacob Barlow, Provo's early carding mill and machine shop were vital to the city, December 8, 2017, https://jacobbarlow.com/2017/12/08/provos-early-carding-mill-and-machine-shop-were-vital-to-the-city/; Provo Daily Herald, history page on Provo's Plat A, February 29, 2004, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=23571649; Deseret News, Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society committees, September 24, 1856, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=2574007; Deseret News, Our Country Contemporaries (Mrs. Holdaway's accident), August 8, 1877, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=2627684; Salt Lake Herald, Severe Accident, July 16, 1887, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=10755210; Provo Semi-Weekly Herald, death of Mrs. Lucinda Holdaway, April 9, 1917, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=23489198; Provo Post, Holdaway funeral, April 10, 1917, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=28553454; Salt Lake Telegram, Vineyard Man Dies After Long Illness, June 28, 1929, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=19470491; Pleasant Grove Review, Vineyard Pioneer Dies, June 29, 1929, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=8737972; Pleasant Grove Review, Mrs. Holdaway Dies Thursday in Vineyard, December 18, 1942, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=8804744; Voice of Sharon, Vineyard issue, December 21, 1939, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25016773 and https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25016777; Voice of Sharon, February 19, 1942, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25017392; Orem-Geneva Times, August 17, 1950, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22881591; Orem-Geneva Times, Holdaways called to serve in London, England, December 8, 1993, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22918539; Orem-Geneva Times, Vineyard history, August 11, 1999, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22926636; Caroline H. Benzley, Missionaries on Board, New Era, February 2002, https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/new-era/2002/02/missionaries-on-board?lang=eng

A History of Utah County (Holzapfel, 1999), p. 68 (Lake View 1855, the settlers named, July 17, 1877 Sunday School, Peter Madsen bishop fifteen years); Wikipedia, "Fort Utah" (March 1849); Voice of Sharon, Dec 4, 1941, p. 1; Orem-Geneva Times, Dec 26, 1946, p. 4 (Utah Digital Newspapers); Deseret News, Aug 27, 2004 (Gammon's mission); general Latter-day Saint migration history as told in the pioneer story.

Wikipedia, Fort Utah (March 12, 1849, John S. Higbee, about 150 people sent by Brigham Young; measles winter 1849 to 1850; February 1850 battles; flooding moved the settlement in 1850); Utah History to Go, Ute Indians; Holzapfel p. 68 (Lake View 1855, the pioneers named, floods of 1861 and 1862, the Sunday School of July 17, 1877, Peter Madsen). Photo: a wagon train; not identified as a Utah scene.

D. Robert Carter, Founding Fort Utah: Provo's Native Inhabitants, Early Explorers, and First Year of Settlement (Provo City Corporation, 2003), full text at archive.org, https://archive.org/details/founding-fort-utah; Edward W. Tullidge, "History of Provo City," Tullidge's Quarterly Magazine 3, no. 3 (July 1884), https://archive.org/details/per_utah-and-the-mormons_tullidges-quarterly-magazine_1884-07_3_3; Andrew Jenson, Encyclopedic History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1941), entries Lake View Ward and Provo, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.178083; Provo City Library, Provo City Timeline, https://provolibrary.gov/historicalplacesprovocitytimeline; Provo City Library, Fort Utah, https://www.provolibrary.gov/historicalplacesfortutah; Dennis Romboy, "Is replica at site of original fort?" Deseret News, July 27, 1998, https://www.deseret.com/1998/7/27/19393333/is-replica-at-site-of-original-fort; Provo historic marker text, "Provo's first colonizers soon moved from a river site to higher ground," JacobBarlow.com, October 26, 2017, https://jacobbarlow.com/2017/10/26/provos-first-colonizers-soon-moved-from-a-river-site-to-higher-ground/; Provo historic marker No. 1 text, JacobBarlow.com, December 15, 2017, https://jacobbarlow.com/2017/12/15/the-city-of-provo-was-founded-in-1849-by-mormon-pioneers/; Wikipedia, Fort Utah, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Utah

Wikipedia, "Fort Utah" and "Battle at Fort Utah" (Old Bishop killed over a shirt and hidden in the river; Jan 31, 1850 council; Brigham Young's authorization; Feb 8, 1850 militia surrounded the camp at Old Elk's; two days of fighting; dozens of Utes and one settler killed; prisoners taken to Salt Lake City; Walker War); Intermountain Histories, "The Provo River Battle" (BYU Charles Redd Center); Utah Humanities Beehive Archive, "Massacre at Table Point" (pursuit to Rock Canyon and south); KUER, March 2, 2026 (Old Elk's death; peak renamed Kyhv Peak in 2022); Utah History to Go, "Ute Indians" (Uintah reservation).

Christina Madsen Harding, Peter Madsen (1824 to 1911), First Lake View Ward Bishop, Orem homesteaders profile series, Orem-Geneva Times, November 29, 2000, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22928887; Andrew Jenson, Encyclopedic History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1941), Lake View Ward entry, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.178083; Church History Biographical Database, Hans Peter Olsen Company (1854), https://history.churchofjesuschrist.org/chd/organization/pioneer-company/hans-peter-olsen-company-1854?lang=eng; Voice of Sharon, Lake View memorial number, August 5, 1938, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25016018; Provo Post, Pioneers Pass to Great Beyond; Wives of Late Peter Madsen, February 21, 1919, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=28554407; Utah Enquirer, Acquitted (United States vs. Peter Madsen), November 15, 1889, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=1408852; Provo Semi-Weekly Herald, Bishop Madsen Honored on His Birthday, April 8, 1909, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=23482128; Deseret Evening News, Death at Lake View (Mads Jorgensen), April 25, 1905, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=2538625; Salt Lake Herald, Provo News Notes, April 26, 1905, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=11808258; Salt Lake Herald, Provo News Notes (Jorgensen funeral), April 29, 1905, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=11809020; Deseret Evening News, Provo deaths (Mrs. Jorgensen), November 15, 1901, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=1918695; Salt Lake Herald, Provo Paragraphs, November 16, 1901, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=11153269; Orem-Geneva Times, Lake View Ward 99th anniversary, March 4, 1976, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22898864

Thomas G. Alexander, "The Walker War," Utah History to Go (Utah State Historical Society), https://historytogo.utah.gov/walker-war; Sara Davis, "Ute Chief Wakara," Intermountain Histories (Charles Redd Center, BYU), 2025, https://www.intermountainhistories.org/items/show/881; Orson F. Whitney, History of Utah, vol. 1 (1892), chapters on the Walker war, https://archive.org/details/historyofutahcom01whit; Edward W. Tullidge, "History of Provo City," Tullidge's Quarterly Magazine 3, no. 3 (July 1884), https://archive.org/details/per_utah-and-the-mormons_tullidges-quarterly-magazine_1884-07_3_3; Edward W. Tullidge, "History of Spanish Fork," Tullidge's Quarterly Magazine 3, no. 2 (April 1884), https://archive.org/details/per_utah-and-the-mormons_tullidges-quarterly-magazine_1884-04_3_2; Wilford Woodruff journal, May 10 to 12, 1854, Wilford Woodruff Papers, https://wilfordwoodruffpapers.org/documents/37d06bae-4d49-4eef-8100-d0ddfdd2c9f9/page/2d133a77-b24e-453a-80b4-e40f7274b63a and https://wilfordwoodruffpapers.org/documents/37d06bae-4d49-4eef-8100-d0ddfdd2c9f9/page/c90f2510-c682-42f3-a87c-c0c4d245e4c0; D. Robert Carter, "Frontier violence traumatized both colonists and Indians," Daily Herald, February 18, 2006, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/2006/feb/18/frontier-violence-traumatized-both-colonists-and-indians/; D. Robert Carter, "History: Carnage in Pole Canyon avenged," Daily Herald, April 19, 2008, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/2008/apr/19/history-carnage-in-pole-canyon-avenged/; Wikipedia, Walker War, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker_War; Wikipedia, Kanosh (chief), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanosh_(chief); Utah Historical Markers, The Walker War marker (Payson), https://utahhistoricalmarkers.org/category/cat/ww/; Andrew Jenson, Encyclopedic History of the Church (1941), Lake View Ward, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.178083; D. Robert Carter, Founding Fort Utah (2003), https://archive.org/details/founding-fort-utah

Gustive O. Larson, "Uintah Dream: The Ute Treaty, Spanish Fork, 1865," BYU Studies 14, no. 3 (1974), https://development.byustudies.byu.edu/article/uintah-dream-the-ute-treatyspanish-fork-1865 (also https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq/vol14/iss3/6); Clifford Duncan, "The Northern Utes of Utah," in A History of Utah's American Indians (2000), ch. 5, Utah History to Go, https://historytogo.utah.gov/uhg-history-american-indians-ch-5/; Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1856 (Garland Hurt report and Brigham Young report of June 30, 1856), https://archive.org/details/annualreportofco1856unit; Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1863 (Utah superintendent's report, Oct. 24, 1863), https://archive.org/details/usindianaffairs63usdorich; Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1864 (Utah acting governor's message and Dole recommendation), https://archive.org/details/usindianaffairs64usdorich; Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1865 (O. H. Irish report on the Spanish Fork treaty), https://archive.org/details/annualreportcom69unkngoog; Edward W. Tullidge, "History of Spanish Fork," Tullidge's Quarterly Magazine 3, no. 2 (April 1884), https://archive.org/details/per_utah-and-the-mormons_tullidges-quarterly-magazine_1884-04_3_2; Edward W. Tullidge, Tullidge's Quarterly Magazine 3, no. 3 (July 1884), https://archive.org/details/per_utah-and-the-mormons_tullidges-quarterly-magazine_1884-07_3_3; Orson F. Whitney, History of Utah, vol. 1 (1892), https://archive.org/details/historyofutahcom01whit; Daughters of Utah Pioneers marker No. 5, Spanish Fork Indian Farm (1935), via JacobBarlow.com, https://jacobbarlow.com/2014/05/20/spanish-fork-indian-farm/ and Waymarking, https://waymarking.com/waymarks/wmDYCQ_The_Spanish_Fork_Indian_Farm_Reservation_5; Wikipedia, Corn Creek Indian Farm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_Creek_Indian_Farm; D. Robert Carter, Founding Fort Utah (2003), https://archive.org/details/founding-fort-utah

Brandon Johnson, "The Spark That Ignited the Black Hawk War," Utah Humanities, 2007, https://stories.utahhumanities.org/item/1105; Wikipedia, Black Hawk War (1865 to 1872), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hawk_War_(1865%E2%80%931872); Wikipedia, Antonga Black Hawk, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonga_Black_Hawk; Clifford Duncan, "The Northern Utes of Utah," A History of Utah's American Indians (2000), ch. 5, https://historytogo.utah.gov/uhg-history-american-indians-ch-5/; "Black Hawk's greatest legacy," Daily Herald, August 21, 2014, https://www.heraldextra.com/special-section/2014/aug/21/black-hawks-greatest-legacy/; Utah Historical Markers, Black Hawk: Ute Indian Chief (UDOT marker, Spring Lake), https://utahhistoricalmarkers.org/category/cat/bhw/; Phillip B. Gottfredson, "Diamond Creek Battle," BlackHawkProductions.com, https://blackhawkproductions.com/Utah-Diamond-Creek-Battle.htm; Jacob Barlow, "The Black Hawk War," JacobBarlow.com, July 29, 2019, https://jacobbarlow.com/2019/07/29/the-black-hawk-war/; Sharon M. Haddock, "Warrior buried on land he loved," Deseret News, May 5, 1996, https://www.deseret.com/1996/5/5/19240370/warrior-buried-on-land-he-loved/; Gustive O. Larson, "Uintah Dream: The Ute Treaty, Spanish Fork, 1865," BYU Studies 14, no. 3 (1974), https://development.byustudies.byu.edu/article/uintah-dream-the-ute-treatyspanish-fork-1865; Orson F. Whitney, History of Utah, vol. 1 (1892), https://archive.org/details/historyofutahcom01whit

Vineyard residents' recollections and family records; Peter Madsen, Improvement Era, 1910; Daily Herald, August 5, 1973.

D. Robert Carter, Utah Lake: Legacy (June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program), https://utahlake.gov/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Utah_Lake_Legacy.pdf; Utah Lake Commission, The Business of Abusing a Lake (lesson excerpts from Utah Lake: Legacy), June 2012, https://utahlake.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/The_Business_of_Abusing_a_Lake_June_2012.complete.pdf; D. Robert Carter, Daily Herald, Fish a flop as Utah County business, Feb. 15, 2004, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/2004/feb/15/fish-a-flop-as-utah-county-business/; Kristen Rogers-Iversen, Salt Lake Tribune, Living History: Utah Lake provided carp for the needy, Aug. 28, 2010, https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=50179032&itype=cmsid; Matthew Piper, Salt Lake Tribune, Whatever happened to fishing Utah Lake for carp to feed low-income Utahns?, Oct. 14, 2016, https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=4344748&itype=CMSID; Steve Fidel, KSL.com, Fishermen to remove 40 million pounds of carp from Utah Lake, March 4, 2012, https://www.ksl.com/article/19440627/fishermen-to-remove-40-million-pounds-of-carp-from-utah-lake; Eric Ellis, Utah Lake Commission, Two years in, carp removal continues at Utah Lake, March 8, 2012, https://utahlake.gov/fish-be-gone-two-years-in-carp-removal-continues-at-utah-lake/; Brent J. Rowland, Y Magazine (BYU), Carpe Carp, Winter 2010, https://magazine.byu.edu/?p=3047; June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program, Managing Non-Native Fish, https://casite-762321.cloudaccess.net/recovery-projects/managing-non-native-fish

Jacob Barlow, Early Orem canals, July 25, 2017, https://jacobbarlow.com/2017/07/25/early-orem-canals/; Genelle Pugmire, Daily Herald, Urban irrigation in Orem could be ending by 2025, June 12, 2023, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/2023/jun/12/urban-irrigation-in-orem-could-be-ending-by-2025; Jacob Barlow, Spring Creek (Lake Bottom Irrigation Canal plaque), Oct. 30, 2023, https://jacobbarlow.com/2023/10/30/spring-creek/; Timpanogos Canal Company, https://sites.google.com/view/timpcanalco; West Union Canal Co. v. Thornley, Utah Supreme Court, July 31, 1924, 64 Utah 77, https://hallapproved.com/ut/cases/supreme/1924/4212903; Provo Reservoir Company v. Provo City et al., Fourth District Court decree (Morse decree), 1921, Utah Division of Water Rights, https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/adjdinfo/decrinfo/provo.htm; Provo River Water Users Association, Association History, https://www.prwua.org/?p=26; Murdock Canal, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murdock_Canal; Utah Lake Commission, The Business of Abusing a Lake (Utah Lake: Legacy excerpts), June 2012, https://utahlake.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/The_Business_of_Abusing_a_Lake_June_2012.complete.pdf

Andrew Jenson, Encyclopedic History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1941), entries Lake View Ward, Vineyard Ward, Sharon Stake, archive.org, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.178083; Brandon Plewe, This Branch: Utah County chronology (Provo 5th Ward, Peter Madsen, 1877 and 1878 bishop lists), BYU Mormon Places, https://mormonplaces.byu.edu/reports/thisbranch/Utah_county.pdf; Voice of Sharon, Lake View memorial number, August 5, 1938, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25016018; Voice of Sharon, Vineyard chapel issue, December 21, 1939, pages 1, 4, 5, 8, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25016773 and https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25016776 and https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25016777 and https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25016780; Voice of Sharon, Vineyard chapel sale, February 19, 1942, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25017392; Deseret News, Church Edition, photo of Vineyard Ward chapel as Geneva administration building, April 4, 1942, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25601851; Provo Daily Herald, Geneva site history, September 13, 1987, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=24048219; Orem-Geneva Times, new Vineyard chapel to be dedicated, August 17, 1950, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22881591; Salt Lake Telegram, LDS Leaders to Dedicate 2 Chapels, August 19, 1950, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=18539242; Deseret News, Vineyard Ward Chapel Dedicated, August 23, 1950, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25673933; Orem-Geneva Times, Lake View Ward 99th anniversary, March 4, 1976, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22898864; Orem-Geneva Times, Vineyard history courtesy of Mayor J. Rulon Gammon, August 11, 1999, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22926636; Orem-Geneva Times, missionary notices giving Vineyard Ward chapel address, January 24, 1963, July 19, 1989, May 21, 1997, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22887852 and https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22913216 and https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22923086; LDS Church Growth blog, Orem Utah Vineyard Stake organized, June 2013, https://ldschurchgrowth.blogspot.com/2013/06; Church News, new stake presidents (Vineyard Utah Grove Park Stake), October 20, 2018, https://www.thechurchnews.com/2018/10/20/23221266/new-stake-presidents-who-have-been-recently-called/; Church Newsroom, New Stakes and Stake Presidencies Announced in July 2022, https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/new-stakes-and-stake-presidencies-announced-in-july-2022; Church News, 4 new and 13 reorganized stakes (Vineyard Utah Springs Park Stake), January 22, 2023, https://www.thechurchnews.com/callings/2023/1/22/23565314/read-about-the-presidencies-of-these-4-new-and-13-reorganized-stakes/; Church News, 19 new stake presidents (Vineyard Utah Stake), June 18, 2023, https://www.thechurchnews.com/callings/2023/6/18/23762252/19-new-stake-presidents-from-north-carolina-to-south-africa; LDS Church Growth blog, Vineyard Utah YSA Stake, December 2025, https://ldschurchgrowth.blogspot.com/2025/12/28-new-stakes-and-11-new-districts.html

Vineyard residents' recollections and family records; Peter Madsen, Improvement Era, 1910; Daily Herald, August 5, 1973.

D. Robert Carter, Utah Lake: Legacy (June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program), https://utahlake.gov/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Utah_Lake_Legacy.pdf; Sharon Haddock, Deseret News, Resort has a long history of springing back, April 1, 2001, https://www.deseret.com/2001/4/1/19578321/resort-has-a-long-history-of-springing-back/; Lehi Free Press, Saratoga Resort historical marker to be unveiled tonight, Aug. 6, 2025, https://lehifreepress.com/2025/08/06/saratoga-resort-historical-marker-to-be-unveiled-tonight-public-welcome/; Utah Lake Commission, Utah Lake Resorts lesson plan, Sept. 2010, https://utahlake.gov/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Utah_Lake_Resorts.pdf; Utah Lake Commission, Lincoln Point: Historical Resort and Modern Recreation Hot Spot, https://utahlake.gov/?p=8049; Utah Lake Commission, 10 Historic Utah Lake Photographs, July 14, 2014, https://utahlake.gov/?p=5277; Serve Daily, Utah Lake's S.S. Sho-Boat topic of history presentation, Sept. 7, 2017, https://servedaily.com/2017/09/07/utah-lakes-s-s-sho-boat-topic-of-history-presentation; Utah Lake Commission, The Business of Abusing a Lake, June 2012, https://utahlake.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/The_Business_of_Abusing_a_Lake_June_2012.complete.pdf; Jacob Barlow, Utah Lake Resorts, June 5, 2014, https://jacobbarlow.com/2014/06/05/utah-lake-resorts/

Holzapfel p. 133 (1888); Lindon City historic marker text for the Geneva Resort (2130 W 600 S, Lindon: named for Captain John Dallin's daughter, harbor, wells, pavilion, hotel, concessions, springs under the dance floor, open walls, two pools, hamburger 10 cents, root beer 5 cents, swimming 20 cents; the marker says building began in 1890 and the book says 1888, so the story gives no building date); a Utah County local history of the resort (Utah Digital Newspapers, OCR text): land bought March 26, 1888, hotel, saloon and pavilion, excursion trains from Salt Lake City, Ogden, Provo, Eureka, Manti and Nephi, 1907 Utah Lake Club, 1917 electric plant, 1920 Hebertson brothers, about 1935 end, Utah Power and Light plan dropped, buildings torn down about 1939; the 1921 bootlegger complaint (earlier V10 research); KSL, resort closed 1935; Deseret News, 2010: the mill was named for the resort; T.C. Hebertson's column "Geneva Steel Named After Resort" (the dream, the artesian well, the Hebertsons and band dances); Springville collection record for John Hafen's 1896 painting. The resort's wartime store is not told here: it is not about the resort's own story.

Utah County: a graphic account of its foundings, its wonderful growth and its splendid promise for the future (1897), Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/utahcountyagraphic1897eng; Leonard J. Arrington, The Lehi Beet Sugar Factory, Beehive History 10, History To Go (Utah Historical Society), https://historytogo.utah.gov/lehi-sugar-factory; Caleb J. Nokes, Lehi Sugar Factory, Intermountain Histories (BYU Charles Redd Center), https://www.intermountainhistories.org/items/show/656; Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah-Idaho_Sugar_Company; Valerie Phillips, Deseret News, Can't beet Utah sugar history, Oct. 21, 2009, https://www.deseret.com/2009/10/21/20347391/can-t-beet-utah-sugar-history/; Chronology of Beet Sugar Manufacturing Enterprises (Utah factories), UtahRails.net, https://utahrails.net/industries/Sugar-Beets-and-Beet-Sugar_source-not-recorded_Utah-only.html; Addison Blair, Spanish Fork Sugar Beet Factory, Intermountain Histories, https://www.intermountainhistories.org/items/show/33; Hannah Lee, Melodie Jackson and Sarah Adams, Provo and Orem WWII Labor Camps: Japanese-American Internees, Intermountain Histories, https://www.intermountainhistories.org/items/show/300; Megan Weiss, Orchards to Steel: The Transformation of Utah Valley, Utah Humanities, Jan. 22, 2024, https://stories.utahhumanities.org/item/1871

Vineyard residents' recollections and family records; Peter Madsen, Improvement Era, 1910; Daily Herald, August 5, 1973.

Utah Digital Newspapers (api.lib.utah.edu UDN archive): Provo Dispatch, Local News, Jan. 29, 1894 (doc 3129927); Provo Dispatch, trustees' bid notice, Feb. 27 to March 30, 1894 (docs 3134996, 3132100); Provo Dispatch, Local News, March 31, 1894 (doc 3126125); Provo Dispatch, readvertised notice, April 14, 1894 (doc 3129650); Provo Daily Enquirer, lumber notice, April 15, 1895 (doc 1494952); Provo Daily Enquirer, outhouse bid notice, Sept. 26, 1895 (doc 1497344); Salt Lake Herald, Society, Jan. 8, 1899 (doc 11170094); Salt Lake Herald, July 14, 1900 (doc 11111110); Salt Lake Tribune, State News, March 14, 1903 (doc 13568981); Deseret Evening News, Provo, Jan. 3, 1903 (doc 2439305); Deseret Evening News, Provo, Jan. 10, 1903 (doc 2432285); Eureka Reporter, May 15, 1914 and Dec. 24, 1915 (docs 3082365, 3093981); American Fork Citizen, Sept. 17, 1921 (doc 36643); Pleasant Grove Review, Alpine district budget, Aug. 24, 1929 (doc 8777857); Pleasant Grove Review, annual reports 1933 to 1937 (docs 8779942, 8752196, 8766452); Salt Lake Telegram, District Praised by State Leader, Sept. 7, 1936 (doc 16548974); Pleasant Grove Review, Aug. 25 and Sept. 1, 1939 (docs 8743137, 8737644); Pleasant Grove Review, March 22, July 26 and Aug. 23, 1940 (docs 8797876, 8797798, 8790980); Salt Lake Telegram, June 10, 1941 (doc 16924628); Salt Lake Telegram, Hiring Slated at Plant Site, March 20, 1942 (doc 19525686); Salt Lake Telegram, Antimony's 50 Return, May 8, 1948 (doc 17396886); Pleasant Grove Review, bond election notices, Dec. 1953 (doc 8841626); Pleasant Grove Review, Schools to Get Fire Escapes, Feb. 19, 1959 (doc 8859661); Pleasant Grove Review, Sept. 27, 1979 (doc 8669947); Pleasant Grove Review, Enrollment up for Alpine District, Oct. 27, 1983 (doc 8689387); Pleasant Grove Review, Nov. 8, 1984 (doc 8701317); Wikipedia, Alpine School District, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_School_District; SchoolDesigns, Vineyard Elementary School, https://schooldesigns.com/Projects/vineyard-elementary-school; City of Orem, Vineyard Elementary School, https://orem.us/vineyard-elementary-school/; Deseret News, Science study is school focus, May 31, 2005, https://www.deseret.com/2005/5/31/19895121/science-study-is-school-focus/; Utah Valley University, History of UVU, https://www.uvu.edu/visitors/history.html; Wikipedia, Utah County Academy of Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_County_Academy_of_Sciences; Boyer Company, Franklin Discovery Academy, https://boyer.com/portfolio/franklin-discovery-academy/; Varsity Tutors, Trailside Elementary, https://www.varsitytutors.com/k12/school/trailside-elementary-ut; KSL.com, Lindsay Aerts, Alpine School District likely to split three ways, Nov. 7, 2024, https://www.ksl.com/article/news/utah/education/alpine-school-district-likely-to-split-three-ways-what-happens-next/51580846; Daily Herald, Utah County Commission sets new boundaries, board seats ahead of Alpine School District split, March 26, 2025, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/2025/mar/26/utah-county-commission-officially-sets-new-boundaries-and-board-seats-ahead-of-alpine-school-district-split/; Deseret News (KSL), Curtis Booker, School boards approve names for 3 new Utah County school districts, Jan. 16, 2026, https://www.deseret.com/education/2026/01/16/school-boards-approve-names-for-3-new-utah-county-school-districts

Vineyard residents' recollections and family records; Peter Madsen, Improvement Era, 1910; Daily Herald, August 5, 1973.

Holzapfel, A History of Utah County (1999), pp. 198 to 200: Rex Blake's own account (farm bought with few improvements, milking at eight in 1922, milk by wagon to the milk house and by rail to Clover Leaf Dairy, chilblains, the walk to Vineyard School, the tin tub, the 1928 Model A at fourteen, "We just grew up"); p. 198 (prices fell after the war); p. 199 (1924 Pleasant Grove Canning Company notice naming Vineyard and Lake View; 1928 Springville Herald on dairying). Nothing added beyond the book.

Holzapfel pp. 246 to 247 (more than 10,000 workers, $200 million, November 1941 to December 1944; resources and site; ads for 2,000 laborers, machinists and millwrights; the recruiter at the Provo employment office on October 26, 1944; farmers promised time off for farm work); Deseret News, March 9, 1992, "Geneva Steel filled critical role for U.S. in WWII" (1936 proposal, November 1941 approval, land bought by March 1942 from J.O. Stone, fires, ads nationwide, first order April 1944); Deseret News, 2010 (4,200 workers, pay above the area average, 634,000 tons of plate and 144,000 of shapes); Utah Humanities (30% of the county's workers by 1960); Intermountain Histories, "United States Geneva Works" (Ken Jolley's paper route; Mark Johnson, Daily Herald, 2015); Deseret News, Dec 22, 2002, "Families of steel" (the Miller family: Dean Hardy joined the builders in 1942; Wendell Watkins, 36 years, candy in his daughter's lunch box; Gwen Miller's cruise-ship view; about 160 years combined); Utah History to Go (shortages of workers, equipment and materials); Deseret News, 2010 (the 1943 help wanted ad, the August 21, 1945 county meeting); Utah History Encyclopedia and Wikipedia (the 1946 sale, the $144 million estimate); a railroad history of the mill (about 900 workers on standby after the war). Left out on purpose (Jacob, Nov 2026): a story that turns on who the workers were instead of the work.

Holzapfel p. 236 (George Blake); Voice of Sharon, Dec 4, 1941; Voice of Sharon, April 16, 1942, "Wider Vineyard Highway Asked"; Orem-Geneva Times, 1945 and 1946 Vineyard columns (the names and notes already shown on the page under Vineyard in the war; Orem-Geneva Times, April 4, 1946 and Dec 26, 1946); Deseret News, March 9, 1992 (farmland bought by March 1942; the airmen's letters of February 25, 1945). Newspaper names on Utah Digital Newspapers are the ones listed on the page, text only.

Vineyard residents' recollections; "Utah Valley notes 50th Anniversary of Steel Industry Here," Daily Herald; Provo Daily Herald reporting on USX and Geneva Steel; The Voice of Sharon, 1942.

Caroline H. Benzley, Missionaries on Board, New Era, February 2002, https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/new-era/2002/02/missionaries-on-board?lang=eng; Christina Madsen Harding, Peter Madsen (1824 to 1911), Orem-Geneva Times, November 29, 2000, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22928887; Utah Enquirer, Acquitted, November 15, 1889, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=1408852; Deseret Evening News, Death at Lake View, April 25, 1905, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=2538625; Voice of Sharon, Vineyard issue, December 21, 1939, pages 1, 5 and 8, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25016773 and https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25016777 and https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25016780; Deseret Evening News, Returned Missionaries, August 6, 1904, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=1979161; Andrew Jenson, Encyclopedic History of the Church (1941), Vineyard Ward entry, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.178083; Salt Lake Telegram, L. D. S. Notices, September 5, 1915, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=19594494; Deseret News, profile of President E. Carlyle Bunker, November 9, 1957, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25501102; Voice of Sharon, February 19, 1942, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25017392; Deseret News Church Edition, Missionary Work Limited to Older Men, April 4, 1942, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=25601851; Provo Sunday Herald, Richard Hebertson farewell, October 9, 1949, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22670644; Pleasant Grove Review, October 14, 1949, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=8834166; Orem-Geneva Times, Trevor Anderson called to Canadian Mission, April 9, 1959, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22885448; Orem-Geneva Times, Emily Ann Clegg to be missionary to newest state, January 24, 1963, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22887852; Orem-Geneva Times, Stewart brothers farewell, July 19, 1989, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22913216; Orem-Geneva Times, Holdaways called to serve in London, England, December 8, 1993, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22918539; Orem-Geneva Times (Times Newspaper), Lane Roper called to Alabama, May 21, 1997, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22923086; Orem-Geneva Times, August 17, 1950, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22881591; Orem-Geneva Times, Vineyard history, August 11, 1999, https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=22926636

Utah Valley University, Gary R. Herbert Institute, Utah Lake white paper (sewage and industrial runoff; by 1967 raw sewage no longer discharged; 1972 Clean Water Act); Utah Lake (Wikipedia archive) (raw sewage into the lake as late as 1967; phosphorus); Salt Lake Tribune, June 2, 2025, and "Waste water" by Emma Penrod (polio fears in the 1940s and 1950s; about 13.5 percent of the lake's water from treatment plants in 2010; 2016 bloom the largest documented in Utah history; 2020 phosphorus limit); Jordan School District, "Utah Lake Disaster" (steel plants accused of polluting, later funded cleanup); MDPI Water 16(7) 933 (2024) (wastewater the largest phosphorus load; 1 mg/L limit adopted 2016 for 2020); C. Arden Pope III, "Respiratory Disease Associated With Community Air Pollution and a Steel Mill, Utah Valley," American Journal of Public Health 79 (May 1989); Pope, NACAA presentation 2013 (mill shut July 1986 to August 1987, about half of PM2.5); The Daily Universe, January 12, 2013 (Provo's polluted past); Environmental Working Group, Dishonorable Discharge (Geneva toxic releases 1990 to 1994); Geneva Steel Q-BOP project records (95 percent cut in nitrogen oxide emissions, 1991).

UtahRails.net, Columbia Steel Corporation, Ironton, Utah (timeline compiled from period sources), https://utahrails.net/industries/columbia-steel.php; Mark Hemphill, Union Pacific Salt Lake Route (1995), excerpt on UtahRails.net, Utah's Iron and Steel Industries, https://utahrails.net/industries/iron-steel-hemphill.html; UtahRails.net, Provo's Iron and Steel Industries, https://utahrails.net/industries/iron-steel-provo.html; UtahRails.net, Geneva Steel timeline, https://utahrails.net/industries/geneva-steel.html; Craig Loal Whetten, "This Strange Enterprise": Geneva Steel and the American West, M.A. thesis, University of Utah, 2011, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=194731 (PDF https://collections.lib.utah.edu/dl_files/9f/0c/9f0c7ee3afb9e66a5d8166b8c836f8f9a84c7b9d.pdf); Time, Big Steel Bids, May 13, 1946, https://time.com/archive/6773220/big-steel-bids; Time, Big Steel Buys a Plum, July 1, 1946, https://time.com/archive/6606139/big-steel-buys-a-plum; Art Preis, The Militant, June 29, 1946, https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/preis/1946/06/ussteel.html; Deseret News, Geneva Steel: Through the years, Feb. 10, 2004, https://www.deseret.com/2004/2/10/19811299/geneva-steel-through-the-years/

Craig Loal Whetten, "This Strange Enterprise": Geneva Steel and the American West, M.A. thesis, University of Utah, 2011 (citing Geneva Steel Historical Archives oral histories, BYU L. Tom Perry Special Collections), https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=194731; Megan Weiss, Orchards to Steel: The Transformation of Utah Valley, Utah Humanities, Jan. 22, 2024, https://stories.utahhumanities.org/item/1871; Brooke Adams, Geneva steelworkers cast votes on proposed contract, Deseret News, Sept. 1, 1993, https://www.deseret.com/1993/9/1/19063807/geneva-steelworkers-cast-votes-on-proposed-contract; Executive Order 10340, April 8, 1952, American Presidency Project, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/executive-order-10340-directing-the-secretary-commerce-take-possession-and-operate-the; Wikipedia, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_Sheet_%26_Tube_Co._v._Sawyer; Wikipedia, Steel strike of 1959, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_strike_of_1959; Wikipedia, 1986 USX steel strike, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_USX_steel_strike; UtahRails.net, Geneva Steel timeline, https://utahrails.net/industries/geneva-steel.html; BYU Magazine, The Costs of Job Loss, https://magazine.byu.edu/?p=17483

UtahRails.net, Geneva Steel timeline, https://utahrails.net/industries/geneva-steel.html; Mark Hemphill, Union Pacific Salt Lake Route (1995), excerpt on UtahRails.net, https://utahrails.net/industries/iron-steel-hemphill.html; Wikipedia, Geneva Steel (citing Steel, Aug. 19, 1946), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Steel; Wikipedia, Consolidated Steel Corporation, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Steel_Corporation; Executive Order 10340, April 8, 1952, American Presidency Project, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/executive-order-10340-directing-the-secretary-commerce-take-possession-and-operate-the; Wikipedia, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_Sheet_%26_Tube_Co._v._Sawyer; Craig Loal Whetten, "This Strange Enterprise": Geneva Steel and the American West, M.A. thesis, University of Utah, 2011, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=194731; Wikipedia, Orem, Utah (census table), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orem,_Utah; Megan Weiss, Orchards to Steel: The Transformation of Utah Valley, Utah Humanities Beehive Archive, Jan. 22, 2024, https://stories.utahhumanities.org/item/1871; Aubrey Glazier, United States Geneva Works, Intermountain Histories, https://www.intermountainhistories.org/items/show/82; Deseret News, Geneva Steel: Through the years, Feb. 10, 2004, https://www.deseret.com/2004/2/10/19811299/geneva-steel-through-the-years/; Lynn Arave, For decades, Geneva Steel ruled Utah County economy, Deseret News, Sept. 13, 2010, https://www.deseret.com/2010/9/13/20140573/for-decades-geneva-steel-ruled-utah-county-economy/

Vineyard residents' recollections; "Utah Valley notes 50th Anniversary of Steel Industry Here," Daily Herald; Provo Daily Herald reporting on USX and Geneva Steel; The Voice of Sharon, 1942.

Vineyard residents' recollections; "Utah Valley notes 50th Anniversary of Steel Industry Here," Daily Herald; Provo Daily Herald reporting on USX and Geneva Steel; The Voice of Sharon, 1942.

LeRoy W. Hooton Jr., Utah Lake and Jordan River (Salt Lake City Public Utilities), https://www.slcdocs.com/utilities/PDF%20Files/utah&jordan.PDF; Salt Lake City Public Utilities, Utah Lake and the Jordan River Flood Control, June 2011, http://www.slcdocs.com/utilities/NewsEvents/news2011/news6282011.htm; LaVere B. Merritt, Utah Lake: A Few Considerations, Nov. 2017 (Utah Legislature interim document), https://le.utah.gov/interim/2017/pdf/00004935.pdf; Chris D. Wilkowske, David V. Allen and Jeff V. Phillips, Drought Conditions in Utah During 1999 to 2002: A Historical Perspective, USGS Fact Sheet 037-03, April 2003, https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-037-03/TMP82d48d4aw6.htm; Lehi Free Press, Spring runoff creates perfect storm and floods in 1983, March 23, 2018, https://lehifreepress.com/2018/03/23/spring-runoff-creates-perfect-storm-and-floods-in-1983/; Ashley Kewish, KSL TV, Then and now: Remembering the 1983 flooding in Utah County, March 2, 2017, https://www.ksl.com/article/43360660/then-and-now-remembering-the-1983-flooding-in-utah-county; Eric Ellis, Utah Lake Commission, Utah Lake better prepared for 1983-like flooding, officials say, May 26, 2011, https://utahlake.gov/1983-flooding/; Bruce N. Kaliser, Water-Related Geologic Problems of 1983, Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Miscellaneous Publication 89-4, 1989, https://ugspub.nr.utah.gov/publications/misc_pubs/MP-89-4.pdf; Utah National Guard, UTNG Flood Support of 1983, April 2023, https://guard.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/1983_Flood_Support.pdf; Linda Sillitoe, Floods, History To Go, https://historytogo.utah.gov/floods/; John Hollenhorst, Deseret News, Little-known court order may force Utah Lake to rise higher and higher, May 28, 2011, https://www.deseret.com/2011/5/29/20372920/little-known-court-order-may-force-utah-lake-to-rise-higher-and-higher/; Sharon Haddock, Deseret News, Resort has a long history of springing back, April 1, 2001, https://www.deseret.com/2001/4/1/19578321/resort-has-a-long-history-of-springing-back/; Carlene Coombs, Daily Herald, Water released from Utah Lake to prevent flooding for first time since 2011, Feb. 9, 2024, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/2024/feb/09/water-released-from-utah-lake-for-first-time-since-2011-to-prevent-flooding/; Utah Lake Commission, 10 Historic Utah Lake Photographs, https://utahlake.gov/?p=5277

Holzapfel pp. 355 to 356 (the 1984 warning, the BYU study, Joe and Chris Cannon, the investors from the BYU law school, Senator Hatch and the $100,000 a day month, midnight on August 31, 1987, the Wall Street Journal, Forbes); company history of Geneva Steel (funding universe and reference for business, from the 1990s): Robert Grow, the Texas lender, the gas to the coke ovens, 33 days to the first shipment, the wage package, ten days of inventory, the furnaces from near Chicago (five barges, 92 trucks, 67,000 man-hours, batch 45 minutes against 5.5 hours); Deseret News, Dec 22, 2002, "Families of steel" (Gwen Miller, the Geneva Wives, Donnie Cook's 1987 ad, the cakes on September 1). The price of the 1987 deal is not given: sources differ ($40 million, $44 million).

Holzapfel p. 68 (Lake View 1855, the pioneers named, the floods of 1861 and 1862, the Sunday School of July 17, 1877, Peter Madsen); Orem-Geneva Times, February 1946 (Sgt. Wayne Gammon); Deseret News, April 25, 1989, "Utah's newest small town is Vineyard" (the petition, Rulon Gammon as the residents' spokesman, the $80,000 a year, the advice to wait); Deseret News, Nov 12, 1991, "Community profile: Vineyard" (costs far below $80,000, the park paid by Geneva's taxes); Deseret News, April 27, 2000, "Pupils get a look at farm life" (sixth Farm Field Days, 3,800 children); Deseret News, Aug 27, 2004, "Vineyard losing an icon: 151 its mayor" (the sale of the 94-acre farm, born in the farmhouse, resigning, the mission, PacifiCorp). Rulon Gammon's health is not told. Deseret News, June 26, 2016: the J. Rulon Gammon Vineyard Heritage Park (and the town's plan to add the Robins family's last 11 acres to it).

Vineyard town records and residents' recollections; Provo Daily Herald, April 25, 1989; The Daily Universe, March 2, 1989; Deseret News, December 21, 1990; Salt Lake Tribune, December 2, 1991.

C. A. Pope III, Respiratory disease associated with community air pollution and a steel mill, Utah Valley, American Journal of Public Health 79(5):623-8, May 1989, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2495741/; C. A. Pope III, Respiratory hospital admissions associated with PM10 pollution in Utah, Salt Lake, and Cache Valleys, Archives of Environmental Health 46(2):90-7, 1991, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2006899/; C. A. Pope III, J. Schwartz, M. R. Ransom, Daily mortality and PM10 pollution in Utah Valley, Archives of Environmental Health 47(3):211-7, 1992, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1596104/; M. R. Ransom and C. A. Pope III, Elementary school absences and PM10 pollution in Utah Valley, Environmental Research 58(2):204-19, 1992, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1511674/; C. A. Pope III and D. W. Dockery, Acute health effects of PM10 pollution on symptomatic and asymptomatic children, American Review of Respiratory Disease 145(5):1123-8, 1992, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1586057/; C. A. Pope III, Particulate pollution and health: a review of the Utah Valley experience, J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 6(1):23-34, 1996, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8777371/; A. J. Ghio and R. B. Devlin, Inflammatory lung injury after bronchial instillation of air pollution particles, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164(4):704-8, 2001, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11520740/; J. A. Dye et al., Acute pulmonary toxicity of particulate matter filter extracts in rats, Environ Health Perspect 109 Suppl 3:395-403, 2001, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11427389/; J. D. Parker, P. Mendola, T. J. Woodruff, Preterm birth after the Utah Valley Steel Mill closure: a natural experiment, Epidemiology 19(6):820-3, 2008, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18854706/; Michael D. Smart, Clearing the Air, BYU Magazine, Spring 2007, https://magazine.byu.edu/article/clearing-the-air; Rachel's Hazardous Waste News #136, July 4, 1989, https://ejnet.org/rachel/rhwn136.htm; Brooke Adams, Illnesses blamed on virus, not pollution, Deseret News, Sept. 2, 1989, https://www.deseret.com/1989/9/2/18822398/illnesses-blamed-on-virus-not-pollution-br-doctor-hired-by-geneva-to-analyze-data-disputes-findings; Ken Perkins, Geneva accident discolors the sky, Deseret News, April 16, 1988, https://www.deseret.com/1988/4/16/18763471/geneva-accident-discolors-the-sky/; Brooke Adams, Geneva's economic impact disputed, Deseret News, Jan. 2, 1991, https://www.deseret.com/1991/1/2/18898909/geneva-s-economic-impact-disputed; Dennis Romboy, Sky seems clearer over Geneva, Deseret News, Jan. 4, 1995, https://www.deseret.com/1995/1/4/19151506/sky-seems-clearer-over-geneva/; EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards memo to Utah PM10 SIP coordinator with Overview of Geneva Steel's PM10 Control Plan, May 1990, https://gaftp.epa.gov/Air/aqmg/SCRAM/mchisrs/R774Meyer14May90.pdf; Utah Department of Environmental Quality, PM10 State Implementation Plans and Maintenance Plans, https://deq.utah.gov/air-quality/pm10-state-implementation-plans-and-maintenance-plans; Erekson v. United States Steel Corp., 260 F.2d 423 (10th Cir. 1958), https://www.leagle.com/decision/1958683260f2d4231580; UtahRails.net, Geneva Steel timeline, https://utahrails.net/industries/geneva-steel.html; Wikipedia, C. Arden Pope, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Arden_Pope

Vineyard town records and residents' recollections; Provo Daily Herald, April 25, 1989; The Daily Universe, March 2, 1989; Deseret News, December 21, 1990; Salt Lake Tribune, December 2, 1991.

Deseret News, Nov 12, 1991, "Community profile: Vineyard" (population 151, Utah's 211th largest, about 75 percent of residents related, Holdaway households, median age 24.5, household 4.19, median home price $83,900, costs below $80,000, the $400,000 park, library cards, crime, no presidential vote yet); Holzapfel p. 406 (about 155 in 1998; the park's courts); Wikipedia, "Vineyard, Utah" (2010 and 2020 counts). The racial breakdown in the profile is not used. Deseret News, June 26, 2016 (the Holdaways, Margaret and David Robins, the Clegg Farm).

Deseret News, Dec 31, 2003, "Geneva gets Chinese offer" (the $35.3 million offer, the four pieces of the core line, Ken Johnsen, Carl Ramnitz, used equipment); Deseret News, Feb 5, 2004, "Chinese firm gets OK to buy Geneva assets" (Judge Glen E. Clark, Nanjing's $41.5 million bid without a letter of credit, the Bank of China, Shandong, Qingdao's 7 million people, George He's 18 to 24 months, Johnsen's bittersweet); Deseret News, July 9, 2004, and Recycling Today (Tetra Tech's $27 million contract, about two years, three other international clients); Deseret News, July 1, 2005, "Razing of old mill signals end of era" (the July 2005 implosion, 5,000 pounds of explosives, more than 300 drill holes, two stacks, nine stoves, three blast furnaces, four stoves left standing, Michael Curtis, Jim McClure); Geneva Steel company history (the Chicago furnaces of 1991, to tie the story to The miracle mill: Geneva's Q-BOP line); Wikipedia, "Geneva Steel" (the 2005 land sale to Anderson Geneva for $46.8 million). Washington Post: no article about Geneva Steel was found.

Public Service Commission of Utah, Report and Order, Docket No. 04-035-30 (PacifiCorp Lake Side Certificate Case), November 12, 2004, https://pscdocs.utah.gov/electric/04docs/0403530/0403530ro.pdf; KSL.com, Construction On New Utah County Power Plant Begins, September 21, 2005, https://www.ksl.com/article/110833; KSL.com, Ground Broken for New Power Plant, September 22, 2005, https://www.ksl.com/article/111221; KSL.com (AP), Developer Bids $46.8 Million for Geneva Steel Land, November 18, 2005, https://www.ksl.com/article/130200; Deseret News (AP), Group may buy Geneva emission credits, January 16, 2006, https://www.deseret.com/2006/1/16/19933020/group-may-buy-geneva-emission-credits; IIR News Intelligence, PacifiCorp Performs Start-Up Testing of $330 Million Lake Side Power Plant in Utah, May 8, 2007, https://www.industrialinfo.com/news/article/pacificorp-performs-start-up-testing-of-330-million-lake-side-power-plant-in-utah--113095; Deseret Morning News (Sara Israelsen), Vineyard power plant is nearly finished, June 16, 2007, https://www.deseret.com/2007/6/16/20024965/vineyard-power-plant-is-nearly-finished/; Power Engineering, PacifiCorp Lake Side 2 application, January 3, 2011, https://www.power-eng.com/coal/pacific-orp/; Utah Department of Workforce Services blog citing Salt Lake Tribune, Rocky Mountain Power seeks OK to build, January 8, 2011, https://utaheconomymountainland.blogspot.com/2011/01/rocky-mountain-power-seeks-ok-to-build_8.html; Public Service Commission of Utah, press release, Commission Approves Certificate to Build Lake Side 2 Power Plant, April 20, 2011, http://pscdocs.utah.gov/electric/10docs/10035126/205204PressRel.pdf; Utah Division of Public Utilities, Request for Review or Rehearing, Dockets 07-035-94 and 10-035-126, May 23, 2011, http://pscdocs.utah.gov/electric/10docs/10035126/206798DPUReqRevRehear.pdf; Public Service Commission of Utah, Order, June 14, 2011, http://pscdocs.utah.gov/electric/07docs/0703594/733290703594o.pdf; Siemens Energy via PR Newswire, Siemens to supply power island equipment to Utah, June 20, 2011, https://prnewswire.com/news-releases/siemens-to-supply-power-island-equipment-to-utah-124184654.html; Rocky Mountain Power, Redacted Direct Testimony of Chad A. Teply, Docket 13-035-184, January 2014, https://pscdocs.utah.gov/electric/13docs/13035184/249680TeplyFinalPDF.pdf; Daily Herald (Genelle Pugmire), Vineyard mayor connects present and future with time capsule, February 14, 2023, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/2023/feb/14/vineyard-mayor-connects-present-and-future-with-time-capsule; Wikipedia, Lake Side Power Station, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Side_Power_Station; Wikipedia, Geneva Steel, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Steel

KSL.com (AP), Developer Bids $46.8 Million for Geneva Steel Land, November 18, 2005, https://www.ksl.com/article/130200; Wikipedia, Geneva Steel, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Steel; Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Post-Closure Permit: Anderson Geneva Development Inc. (formerly Geneva Steel, LLC), https://deq.utah.gov/businesses-facilities/post-closure-permit-anderson-geneva-development-inc-formerly-geneva-steel-llc; Deseret News (Justin Ritter), Old Geneva Steel slag to be used in construction, June 10, 2010, https://www.deseret.com/2010/6/11/20120656/old-geneva-steel-slag-to-be-used-in-construction/; KSL.com (Lori Prichard), Old Geneva Steel site will be brought to life once more, August 22, 2012, https://www.ksl.com/article/21825947/old-geneva-steel-site-will-be-brought-to-life-once-more; KSL.com (Martha Ostergar), New announcements for development of Geneva Steel land, September 7, 2013, https://www.ksl.com/article/26753431; KSL.com (Sam Penrod), Development taking shape on old Geneva Steel site, May 28, 2014, https://www.ksl.com/article/30081911/development-taking-shape-on-old-geneva-steel-site; Salt Lake Tribune (Lee Davidson), Population booms in Vineyard, old site of Geneva Steel, May 25, 2016, https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2016/05/25/population-booms-in-vineyard-old-site-of-geneva-steel; KSL.com (Jed Boal), Health officials say foul odor in Utah County presents no health risks, November 17, 2019, https://www.ksl.com/article/news/utah/health-officials-say-foul-odor-in-utah-county-presents-no-health-risks/46675622; Salt Lake Tribune (Blake Apgar), FrontRunner gets a new station, August 13, 2022, https://www.sltrib.com/news/2022/08/13/frontrunner-gets-new-station/; Daily Herald (Genelle Pugmire), Vineyard celebrates new FrontRunner station and buildout of city, August 13, 2022, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/2022/aug/13/vineyard-celebrates-new-frontrunner-station-and-buildout-of-city/; Daily Herald (Genelle Pugmire), UDOT to begin second phase of Vineyard Connector project, February 10, 2023, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/2023/feb/10/udot-to-begin-second-phase-of-vineyard-connector-project/; Wikipedia, Utah State Route 176, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_State_Route_176; Utah City (Daily Herald reprint), Vineyard's new 700-acre development to be called Utah City, August 29, 2023, https://utahcity.com/2023/08/29/vineyards-new-700-acre-development-to-be-called-utah-city/; Daily Herald (Carlene Coombs), Utah City panel discusses the development's vision, April 26, 2024, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/2024/apr/26/utah-city-panel-discusses-the-developments-vision-gives-updates-on-project/; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Developer gives $20 million in land for Utah County campus, January 26, 2024, https://healthcare.utah.edu/huntsmancancerinstitute/press-releases/2024/01/developer-gives-20-million-land-utah-county-campus; Utah Business, New Huntsman Cancer Institute campus begins rise in Utah City community, September 15, 2026, https://www.utahbusiness.com/press-releases/2026/09/15/new-huntsman-cancer-institute-campus-begins-rise-utah-city-community/

Wikipedia, "Geneva Steel" (2005 land sale to Anderson Geneva, $46.8 million); Wikipedia, "Lake Side Power Station" and Industrial Info (construction began April 2005, completed 2007, 22 acres of the Geneva site); Deseret News, Aug 27, 2004 (Gammon and PacifiCorp); UVU Review (@Geneva, Gerald Anderson on the name); BYU Universe, Feb 28, 2020 (UVU 125 acres, 2014); Deseret News, June 26, 2016 (417 percent); utahtheaters.info and BYU Daily Universe (Megaplex, March 13, 2015); Salt Lake Tribune, Aug 13, 2022 (FrontRunner); Daily Herald, Aug 29, 2023 (Utah City name, 700 acres, Flagship and Woodbury); KSL, April 2026 (Greenline); Daily Herald, Feb 12, 2025 (Bella's groundbreaking, 875 N. Main St.); Utah City, Nov 18, 2025 (opening).

Utah Lake Authority, Utah Lake Recreation Access Plan, November 2025, https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1377417.pdf; City of Vineyard, Parks, https://www.vineyardutah.gov/government/parks.php; Utah Lake Commission, Utah Lake trails: current and future plans, Jan. 26, 2012 (updated 2016), https://utahlake.gov/utah-lake-trails-current-and-future-plans/; KSL.com, Carter Williams, 1,000-acre park, 2.8-mile bike path could soon be coming to eastern shore of Utah Lake, Feb. 19, 2020, https://www.ksl.com/article/46719769/1000-acre-park-28-mile-bike-path-could-soon-be-coming-to-eastern-shore-of-utah-lake; Utah Valley University, UVU Students and City of Vineyard Collaborate To Create Educational Plant Walk Along Utah Lake Shoreline Trail, Oct. 2023, https://www.uvu.edu/news/2023/10/2023_10_23_uvu_shoreline_trail.html; Daily Herald, Genelle Pugmire, Vineyard City Council to get look at approved corridor park design, April 18, 2023, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/2023/apr/18/vineyard-city-council-to-get-approved-look-at-corridor-park-design/; Daily Herald, Curtis Booker, Decades of vision, community collaboration connects final piece of Lindon's Heritage Trail, Aug. 30, 2025, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/2025/aug/30/decades-of-vision-community-collaboration-connects-final-piece-of-lindons-heritage-trail; Daily Herald, Carlene Coombs, UDOT investing $5 million into paved trail in Vineyard, May 20, 2024, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/2024/may/20/udot-investing-5-million-into-paved-trail-in-vineyard-part-of-new-utah-trail-network; Salt Lake Tribune, Leia Larsen, Family won't donate land after Utah Lake island plan would have put road through property, Oct. 27, 2023, https://sltrib.com/news/environment/2023/10/27/how-plans-dredge-utah-lake-blew-up; Daily Herald, Carlene Coombs, Walkara Way pushes forward as landowners rebuild relationship with lake authority, April 20, 2024, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/2024/apr/20/walkara-way-pushes-forward-as-landowners-rebuild-relationship-with-lake-authority; Daily Herald, Curtis Booker, Reconstructed Provo River Delta opens for public recreation and wildlife admiration, Oct. 28, 2024, https://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/2024/oct/28/reconstructed-provo-river-delta-opens-for-public-recreation-and-wildlife-admiration/; Vineyard City Council, staff report, Utah Lake Shoreline Trail Amenities, Feb. 24, 2026, https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1395853.pdf

• D. Robert Carter, "Fishermen find Utah Lake Monster," Daily Herald, May 13, 2006
• D. Robert Carter, "Mysterious monsters inhabited Utah Valley waters," Daily Herald, April 29, 2006
• Utah Lake Monster, Wikipedia (citing Utah Stories, the Daily Herald and the Deseret News)
• "The legendary tale of the Utah Lake monster," Deseret News, September 30, 2022
• "From Myth to Marker," Utah State University, 2025
• Utah Lake, Wikipedia

• D. Robert Carter, "Mysterious monsters inhabited Utah Valley waters," Daily Herald, April 29, 2006
• D. Robert Carter, "Fishermen find Utah Lake Monster," Daily Herald, May 13, 2006
• Utah Lake Monster, Wikipedia

• D. Robert Carter, "Fishermen find Utah Lake Monster," Daily Herald, May 13, 2006
• D. Robert Carter, "Mysterious monsters inhabited Utah Valley waters," Daily Herald, April 29, 2006

• S. Lyman Tyler, "The Myth of the Lake of Copala and Land of Teguayo," Utah Historical Quarterly 20 (1952)
• "Early explorers: lake legend, quest for silver," Deseret News, October 20, 1996
• The Rivera Expedition, Utah History to Go
• Buenaventura River (legend), Wikipedia

• "Utah Lake has been used for thousands of years. What was its prehistoric life like?" KSL.com, 2022
• "Students help to protect ancient rock art near Utah Lake," Associated Press
• "As Utah County develops, what is being done to protect ancient petroglyphs?" Salt Lake Tribune, February 23, 2018
• "Provo's Hinckley mounds reveal details about Fremont Indians," KSL.com
• The Hinckley Figurines, American Antiquity, 1964
• The Fremont Period, I Love History, Utah Division of State History

• The Legend of Timpanogos, National Park Service
• "Timp Roberts," BYU Magazine
• "Mountain mystique," Deseret News, August 18, 1996
• Jared Farmer, On Zion's Mount (Harvard University Press, 2008)
• Timpanogos Cave National Monument, Wikipedia
• A Hike with History, Timpanogos Emergency Response Team

• "Footloose," Deseret News, February 16, 2024
• "40 years later: A look back at Footloose being filmed in Utah," Fox 13
• Footloose (1984 film), Wikipedia
• "Kevin Bacon dances back to Footloose high school," Associated Press, April 21, 2024